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Built-In Roles¶
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MongoDB provides built-in roles that provide the different levels of access commonly needed in a database system. Built-in database user roles and database administration roles roles exist in each database. The admin database contains additional roles.
This page provides a brief description of the built-in roles. For the specific privileges granted by each role, see the 内置角色 reference page.
Database User Roles¶
Every database includes the following roles:
| Role | Short Description |
|---|---|
| read | Provides the ability to read data on all non-system collections and on the following system collections: system.indexes, system.js, and system.namespaces collections. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see read. |
| readWrite | Provides all the privileges of the read role and the ability to modify data on all non-system collections and the system.js collection. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see readWrite. |
Database Administration Roles¶
Every database includes the following database administration roles:
| Role | Short Description |
|---|---|
| dbAdmin | Provides the ability to perform administrative tasks such as schema-related tasks, indexing, gathering statistics. This role does not grant privileges for user and role management. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see dbAdmin. |
| dbOwner | Provides the ability to perform any administrative action on the database. This role combines the privileges granted by the readWrite, dbAdmin and userAdmin roles. |
| userAdmin | Provides the ability to create and modify roles and users on the current database. Since the userAdmin role allows users to grant any privilege to any user, including themselves, the role also indirectly provides superuser access to either the database or, if scoped to the admin database, the cluster. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see userAdmin. |
Cluster Administration Roles¶
The admin database includes the following roles for administering the whole system rather than a specific database. These roles include but are not limited to replica set and sharded cluster administrative functions.
| Role | Short Description |
|---|---|
| clusterAdmin | Provides the greatest cluster-management access. This role combines the privileges granted by the clusterManager, clusterMonitor, and hostManager roles. Additionally, the role provides the dropDatabase action. |
| clusterManager | Provides management and monitoring actions on the cluster. A user with this role can access the config and local databases, which are used in sharding and replication, respectively. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see clusterManager. |
| clusterMonitor | Provides read-only access to monitoring tools, such as the MongoDB Cloud Manager and Ops Manager monitoring agent. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see clusterMonitor. |
| hostManager | Provides the ability to monitor and manage servers. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see hostManager. |
Backup and Restoration Roles¶
The admin database includes the following roles for backing up and restoring data:
| Role | Short Description |
|---|---|
| backup | Provides privileges needed to back up data. This role provides sufficient privileges to use the MongoDB Cloud Manager backup agent, Ops Manager backup agent, or to use mongodump. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see backup. |
| restore | Provides privileges needed to restore data with mongorestore without the --oplogReplay option or without system.profile collection data. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see restore. |
All-Database Roles¶
在 3.4 版更改.
The admin database provides the following roles that apply to all but the local and config databases in a mongod instance and are roughly equivalent to their single-database equivalents:
| Role | Short Description |
|---|---|
| readAnyDatabase | Provides the same read-only permissions as read, except it applies to all but the local and config databases in the cluster. The role also provides the listDatabases action on the cluster as a whole. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see readAnyDatabase. 在 3.4 版更改: Prior to 3.4, readAnyDatabase includes local and config databases. To provide read privileges on the local database, create a user in the admin database with read role in the local database. See also clusterManager role for access to the config and local databases. |
| readWriteAnyDatabase | Provides the same read and write permissions as readWrite, except it applies to all but the local and config databases in the cluster. The role also provides the listDatabases action on the cluster as a whole. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see readWriteAnyDatabase. 在 3.4 版更改: Prior to 3.4, readWriteAnyDatabase includes local and config databases. To provide readWrite privileges on the local database, create a user in the admin database with readWrite role in the local database. See also clusterManager role for access to the config and local databases. |
| userAdminAnyDatabase | Provides the same access to user administration operations as userAdmin, except it applies to all but the local and config databases in the cluster. Since the userAdminAnyDatabase role allows users to grant any privilege to any user, including themselves, the role also indirectly provides superuser access. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see userAdminAnyDatabase. 在 3.4 版更改: Prior to 3.4, userAdminAnyDatabase includes local and config databases. |
| dbAdminAnyDatabase | Provides the same access to database administration operations as dbAdmin, except it applies to all but the local and config databases in the cluster. The role also provides the listDatabases action on the cluster as a whole. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see dbAdminAnyDatabase. 在 3.4 版更改: Prior to 3.4, dbAdminAnyDatabase includes local and config databases. To provide dbAdmin privileges on the local database, create a user in the admin database with dbAdmin role in the local database. See also clusterManager role for access to the config and local databases. |
Superuser Roles¶
The following role provides full privileges on all resources:
| Role | Short Description |
|---|---|
| root | Provides access to the operations and all the resources of the readWriteAnyDatabase, dbAdminAnyDatabase, userAdminAnyDatabase, clusterAdmin, restore, and backup combined. For the specific privileges granted by the role, see root. |