$near¶

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Definition
Behavior
Examples

Definition¶

$near¶

Specifies a point for which a geospatial query returns the documents from nearest to farthest. The $near operator can specify either a GeoJSON point or legacy coordinate point.

$near requires a geospatial index:

2dsphere index if specifying a GeoJSON point,
2d index if specifying a point using legacy coordinates.

To specify a GeoJSON point, $near operator requires a 2dsphere index and has the following syntax:

{
  $near: {
     $geometry: {
        type: "Point" ,
        coordinates: [ <longitude> , <latitude> ]
     },
     $maxDistance: <distance in meters>,
     $minDistance: <distance in meters>
  }
}

When specifying a GeoJSON point, you can use the optional $minDistance and $maxDistance specifications to limit the $near results by distance in meters:

$minDistance limits the results to those documents that are at least the specified distance from the center point. $minDistance is only available for use with 2dsphere index.

2.6 新版功能.
$maxDistance limits the results to those documents that are at most the specified distance from the center point.

To specify a point using legacy coordinates, $near requires a 2d index and has the following syntax:

{
  $near: [ <x>, <y> ],
  $maxDistance: <distance in radians>
}

If you use longitude and latitude for legacy coordinates, specify the longitude first, then latitude.

When specifying a legacy coordinate, you can use the optional $maxDistance specification to limit the $near results by distance in radians. $maxDistance limits the results to those documents that are at most the specified distance from the center point.

Behavior¶

Special Indexes Restriction¶

You cannot combine the $near operator, which requires a special geospatial index, with a query operator or command that requires another special index. For example you cannot combine $near with the $text query.

Sharded Collections Restrictions¶

For sharded collections, queries using $near are not supported. You can instead use either the geoNear command or the $geoNear aggregation stage.

Sort Operation¶

$near sorts documents by distance. If you also include a sort() for the query, sort() re-orders the matching documents, effectively overriding the sort operation already performed by $near. When using sort() with geospatial queries, consider using $geoWithin operator, which does not sort documents, instead of $near.

参见

2d Indexes and Geospatial Near Queries

Examples¶

Query on GeoJSON Data¶

重要

Specify coordinates in this order: “longitude, latitude.”

Consider a collection places that has a 2dsphere index.

The following example returns documents that are at least 1000 meters from and at most 5000 meters from the specified GeoJSON point, sorted from nearest to farthest:

db.places.find(
   {
     location:
       { $near :
          {
            $geometry: { type: "Point",  coordinates: [ -73.9667, 40.78 ] },
            $minDistance: 1000,
            $maxDistance: 5000
          }
       }
   }
)

Query on Legacy Coordinates¶

重要

Specify coordinates in this order: “longitude, latitude.”

Consider a collection legacy2d that has a 2d index.

The following example returns documents that are at most 0.10 radians from the specified legacy coordinate pair, sorted from nearest to farthest:

db.legacy2d.find(
   { location : { $near : [ -73.9667, 40.78 ], $maxDistance: 0.10 } }
)

← $geoIntersects $nearSphere →