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Enable Auth¶
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Overview¶
Enabling access control on a MongoDB deployment enforces authentication, requiring users to identify themselves. When accessing a MongoDB deployment that has access control enabled, users can only perform actions as determined by their roles.
For authentication, MongoDB supports various Authentication Mechanisms.
The following tutorial enables access control on a standalone mongod instance [1] and uses the default authentication mechanism.
| [1] | For replica sets and sharded clusters, you can also enable access control by enforcing internal authentication. For details, see Internal Authentication. |
User Administrator¶
With access control enabled, ensure you have a user with userAdmin or userAdminAnyDatabase role in the admin database. This user can administrate user and roles such as: create users, grant or revoke roles from users, and create or modify customs roles.
You can create users either before or after enabling access control. If you enable access control before creating any user, MongoDB provides a localhost exception which allows you to create a user administrator in the admin database. Once created, you must authenticate as the user administrator to create additional users as needed.
Procedure¶
The following procedure first adds a user administrator to a MongoDB instance running without access control and then enables access control.
Create the user administrator.¶
In the admin database, add a user with the userAdminAnyDatabase role. For example, the following creates the user myUserAdmin in the admin database:
注解
The database where you create the user (in this example, admin) is the user’s authentication database. Although the user would authenticate to this database, the user can have roles in other databases; i.e. the user’s authentication database does not limit the user’s privileges.
use admin
db.createUser(
{
user: "myUserAdmin",
pwd: "abc123",
roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
}
)
Disconnect the mongo shell.
Re-start the MongoDB instance with access control.¶
Re-start the mongod instance with the --auth command line option or, if using a configuration file, the security.authorization setting.
mongod --auth --port 27017 --dbpath /data/db1
Clients that connect to this instance must now authenticate themselves as a MongoDB user. Clients can only perform actions as determined by their assigned roles.
Connect and authenticate as the user administrator.¶
Using the mongo shell, you can:
- Connect with authentication by passing in user credentials, or
- Connect first withouth authentication, and then issue the db.auth() method to authenticate.
To authenticate during connection¶
Start a mongo shell with the -u <username>, -p <password>, and the --authenticationDatabase <database> command line options:
mongo --port 27017 -u "myUserAdmin" -p "abc123" --authenticationDatabase "admin"
To authenticate after connecting¶
Connect the mongo shell to the mongod:
mongo --port 27017
Switch to the authentication database (in this case, admin), and use db.auth(<username>, <pwd>) method to authenticate:
use admin
db.auth("myUserAdmin", "abc123" )
Create additional users as needed for your deployment.¶
Once authenticated as the user administrator, use db.createUser() to create additional users. You can assign any built-in roles or user-defined roles to the users.
The myUserAdmin user only has privileges to manage users and roles. As myUserAdmin, if you attempt to perform any other operations, such as read from a foo collection in the test database, MongoDB returns an error.
The following operation adds a user myTester to the test database who has readWrite role in the test database as well as read role in the reporting database.
注解
The database where you create the user (in this example, test) is that user’s authentication database. Although the user would authenticate to this database, the user can have roles in other databases; i.e. the user’s authentication database does not limit the user’s privileges.
use test
db.createUser(
{
user: "myTester",
pwd: "xyz123",
roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "test" },
{ role: "read", db: "reporting" } ]
}
)
Connect and authenticate as myTester.¶
To authenticate during connection¶
Start a mongo shell with the -u <username>, -p <password>, and the --authenticationDatabase <database> command line options:
mongo --port 27017 -u "myTester" -p "xyz123" --authenticationDatabase "test"
To authenticate after connecting¶
Connect the mongo shell to the mongod:
mongo --port 27017
Switch to the authentication database (in this case, test), and use db.auth(<username>, <pwd>) method to authenticate:
use test
db.auth("myTester", "xyz123" )
Insert into a collection as myTester.¶
As myTester, you have privileges to perform read and write operations in the test database (as well as perform read operations in the reporting database). For example, you can peform the following insert operation in the test database:
db.foo.insert( { x: 1, y: 1 } )