$addFields (aggregation)¶

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Definition
Behavior
Examples

Definition¶

$addFields¶

3.4 新版功能.

Adds new fields to documents. $addFields outputs documents that contain all existing fields from the input documents and newly added fields.

The $addFields stage is equivalent to a $project stage that explicitly specifies all existing fields in the input documents and adds the new fields.

$addFields has the following form:

{ $addFields: { <newField>: <expression>, ... } }

Specify the name of each field to add and set its value to an aggregation expression. For more information on expressions, see Expressions.

重要

If the name of the new field is the same as an existing field name (including _id), $addFields overwrites the existing value of that field with the value of the specified expression.

Behavior¶

$addFields appends new fields to existing documents. You can include one or more $addFields stages in an aggregation operation.

To add field or fields to embedded documents (including documents in arrays) use the dot notation. See example.

注解

It is not possible to add an element to an existing array field with $addFields.

Examples¶

Using Two `$addFields` Stages¶

A collection called scores contains the following documents:

{
  _id: 1,
  student: "Maya",
  homework: [ 10, 5, 10 ],
  quiz: [ 10, 8 ],
  extraCredit: 0
}
{
  _id: 2,
  student: "Ryan",
  homework: [ 5, 6, 5 ],
  quiz: [ 8, 8 ],
  extraCredit: 8
}

The following operation uses two $addFields stages to include three new fields in the output documents:

db.scores.aggregate( [
   {
     $addFields: {
       totalHomework: { $sum: "$homework" } ,
       totalQuiz: { $sum: "$quiz" }
     }
   },
   {
     $addFields: { totalScore:
       { $add: [ "$totalHomework", "$totalQuiz", "$extraCredit" ] } }
   }
] )

The operation returns the following documents:

{
  "_id" : 1,
  "student" : "Maya",
  "homework" : [ 10, 5, 10 ],
  "quiz" : [ 10, 8 ],
  "extraCredit" : 0,
  "totalHomework" : 25,
  "totalQuiz" : 18,
  "totalScore" : 43
}
{
  "_id" : 2,
  "student" : "Ryan",
  "homework" : [ 5, 6, 5 ],
  "quiz" : [ 8, 8 ],
  "extraCredit" : 8,
  "totalHomework" : 16,
  "totalQuiz" : 16,
  "totalScore" : 40
}

Adding Fields to an Embedded Document¶

Use dot notation to add new fields to embedded documents. A collection called vehicles contains the following documents:

{ _id: 1, type: "car", specs: { doors: 4, wheels: 4 } }
{ _id: 2, type: "motorcycle", specs: { doors: 0, wheels: 2 } }
{ _id: 3, type: "jet ski" }

The following aggregation operation adds a new field fuel_type to the embedded document specs.

db.vehicles.aggregate( [
        {
           $addFields: {
              "specs.fuel_type": "unleaded"
           }
        }
   ] )

The operation returns the following results:

{ _id: 1, type: "car",
   specs: { doors: 4, wheels: 4, fuel_type: "unleaded" } }
{ _id: 2, type: "motorcycle",
   specs: { doors: 0, wheels: 2, fuel_type: "unleaded" } }
{ _id: 3, type: "jet ski",
   specs: { fuel_type: "unleaded" } }

Overwriting an existing field¶

Specifying an existing field name in an $addFields operation causes the original field to be replaced.

A collection called animals contains the following document:

{ _id: 1, dogs: 10, cats: 15 }

The following $addFields operation specifies the cats field.

db.animals.aggregate( [
  {
    $addFields: { "cats": 20 }
  }
] )

The operation returns the following document:

{ _id: 1, dogs: 10, cats: 20 }

It is possible to replace one field with another. In the following example the item field substitutes for the _id field.

A collection called fruit contains the following documents:

{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "tangerine", "type" : "citrus" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "lemon", "type" : "citrus" }
{ "_id" : 3, "item" : "grapefruit", "type" : "citrus" }

The following aggregration operation uses $addFields to replace the _id field of each document with the value of the item field, and replaces the item field with a static value.

db.fruit.aggregate( [
  {
    $addFields: {
      _id : "$item",
      item: "fruit"
    }
  }
] )

The operation returns the following:

{ "_id" : "tangerine", "item" : "fruit", "type" : "citrus" }
{ "_id" : "lemon", "item" : "fruit", "type" : "citrus" }
{ "_id" : "grapefruit", "item" : "fruit", "type" : "citrus" }

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